Neurotransmitters and other chemical signalling agents
| PROSTANOIDS (Prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Precursors: | rachidonic acid (i.e. eicosatetraenoic acid; 2-series prostanoids), eicosatri- and eicosapentaenoic acids |
||
| Synthesising enzymes: | Prostaglandin synthetase (cyclooxygenase), PGI2 synthase, TX synthase. |
||
| Metabolising enzymes: | 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, PG-9-keto-reductase |
||
| Metabolites: | large number of oxidised metabolites | ||
| Receptor subtypes (most potent natural prostanoid) |
Agonists | Antagonists | Second messenger |
| DP (PGD(2)) | BW245C, ZK110841 | BWA868C, AH6809 | <87>cAMP |
| EP (PGE(2)), subdivided as shown: | |||
| EP(1) | sulprostone, iloprost | AH6809, SC-19220 | PI |
| EP(2) | AY23626, butaprost, rioprostil |
none | <87>cAMP |
| EP(3) | sulprostone AY23626, rioprostil, enprostil, GR 63799 |
none | PI, <51>cAMP |
| FP (PGF(2-alpha)) | fluprostenol, cloprostenol |
none | PI |
| IP (PGI(2)) | iloprost,cicaprost | none | <87>cAMP |
| TP (TXA(2)) | U-46619, STA2, EP171 |
GR32191, EP092, BM13505, SQ28668 |
PI |
NB: (+ve) indicates increase; (-ve) indicates decrease.
Reviews
Coleman, R.A., Kennedy, I., Humphrey, P.P.A., Bunce, K.T. and Lumley, P. (1990).
`Prostanoids and their receptors.' In: Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry,
vol. 3., eds C. Hansch, P.G. Sammes and J.B. Taylor, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 643-714.
Substance P and Neurokinins A and B
Noradrenaline
and Adrenaline
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