Neurotransmitters and other chemical signalling agents
| NORADRENALINE (Norepinephrine; NA) and ADRENALINE (Epinephrine; AD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Precursors: | L-Tyrosine (a) -> L-DOPA (b) -> dopamine (c) -> noradrenaline (d) -> adrenaline |
||
| Synthesising enzymes: | (a) tyrosine hydroxylase, (b) L-aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase, (c) dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, (d) phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase |
||
| Metabolising enzymes: | MAO and COMT | ||
| Metabolites: | Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) |
||
| Receptor subtypes | Agonists | Antagonists | Second messenger |
| alpha(1A) | Phenylephrine | Prazosin, (+)-niguldipine |
PI |
| alpha(1B) | Phenylephrine | Prazosin, CEC | PI |
| alpha(1C) | Phenylephrine | Prazosin, CEC | PI |
| alpha(2A) | Oxymetazoline | Yohimbine, fluparoxan |
(-ve)cAMP, (down)gCa(2+), (down)gK+ |
| alpha(2B) | UK14304 | Prazosin, ARC 239 | (-ve)cAMP, (down)gCa(2+) |
| alpha(2C) | UK14304 | Yohimbine | (-ve)cAMP |
| beta(1) | Xamoterol, RD363 |
Practolol, atenolol, CGP20712A |
(+ve)cAMP |
| beta(2) | Salbutamol, salmeterol, procaterol |
ICI 118551 | (+ve)cAMP |
| beta(3) | BRL 37344 BRL 35135 |
cyanopindolol | (+ve)cAMP |
NB: (+ve) indicates increase; (-ve) indicates decrease.
Reviews
Han, C., Wilson, K.M. and Minneman, K.P. (1990) Mol. Pharmacol. 37, 903-910.
Lorenz et al. (1990) Mol. Pharmacol. 38, 599-603.
Zaagsma, J. and Nahorski, S.R. (1990) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11, 3-7.
Prostanoids
Nitric
Oxide
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