Neurotransmitters and other chemical signalling agents
| ACETYLCHOLINE (ACh) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Precursors: | Choline and acetyl-CoA | ||
| Synthesising enzymes: | Choline acetyl transferase | ||
| Metabolising enzymes: | Acetylcholinesterase | ||
| Metabolite: | Choline and acetate | ||
| Receptor subtypes | Agonists | Antagonists | Second messenger |
| M1 muscarinic | Methacholine | Pirenzepine, telenzepine |
PI |
| M2 | Methacholine | Himbacine, methoctramine |
(-ve)cAMP, (+ve)gK+ |
| M3 | Methacholine | Hexahydrosila- difenidol |
PI |
| M4 M5 MB |
Methacholine | Tropicamide | (-ve)cAMP PI |
| Nicotinic (neuronal/ ganglion type) |
Dimethylphenyl- piperazinium, nicotine |
mecamylamine, hexamethonium ((+)tubocurarine blocks channel) |
(+ve)g(cation) |
| Nicotnic (muscle type) |
Suxamethonium (also causes depolarisation block) |
alpha-bungarotoxin, (+)tubocurarine (decamethonium blocks channel) |
(+ve)g(cation) |
NB: (+ve) indicates increase; (-ve) indicates decrease.
Reviews
Deneris, E.S., Connolly, J., Rogers, S.W. and Duvoisin, R. (1991) Trends Pharmacol.
Sci. 12, 34-40.
Hosey, M.M. (1992) FASEB J. 6, 845-852.
Adenosine
Neurotransmitter index
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